Identification Information
	Citation:
		Originator:  Stanley A. Mertzman, Richard W. Hazlett, Stephen G. 
			Weaver, Isaac P. Weaver, Andrew J. Gavin, Martha S. 
			Gilmore, Caitlin Gorman, Lindley F. Hall, Hal H. Newell 
			III, Karyn E. Powers, James T. Rowe, Jonathon F. Stiehl, 
			and Benjamin Surpless
      		Publication Date:  2011
		Title:  Open-File Report O-11-03: Preliminary Geologic Map of 
			the Lake of the Woods North 7.5' Quadrangle, Klamath 
			County, Oregon
		Publication Information:
			Publication Place:  Portland, Oregon
			Publisher:  Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral 
				Industries
	Description:
		Abstract:  This data set contains the information used to create 
			the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake of the Woods 
			North 7.5' Quadrangle for Open-File Report O-11-03. This 
			map is one of a series of geologic maps created for 
			quadrangles in south-central Oregon in the area of the 
			Cascade Mountains just to the west of Klamath Lake in 
			Jackson and Klamath Counties (and and including a small 
			area of northern California at the Oregon and California 
			border).
			The digital raster Graphic (DRG) of the 1985 provisional 
			edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5' Lake 
			of the Woods North quadrangle provides the base map on 
			top of which have been placed geospatial vector format 
			layers of the geologic units, unit boundaries/contacts, 
			and faults; and point data format layers of the analyzed 
			rock sample collection locations and volcanic centers. 
			The geologic units and their boundaries were determined 
			based on a combination of observations from the field 
			and of hand-sample, thin-section, and geochemical 
			analyses of 114 samples collected from within the Lake 
			of the Woods North USGS 7.5' quadrangle as well as of 
			relevant samples collected from surrounding USGS 7.5' 
			quadrangles. Although the chemistry data and thin-
			section observations were used in creating the map, 
			the units are meant to be field-mappable, that is, 
			recognizable by the study of outcrops in the field.
			The various layers (geologic units, samples, etc.) of 
			the map were digitized in MapInfo Professional v.7.0 
			from drawings on paper quadrangles, UTM coordinates, or 
			maps from student research reports. Rock samples were 
			collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in 
			1984, 1986, 1991, 1992, 2002, and 2009. A total of 14 
			samples from within the Lake of the Woods North 7.5' 
			quadrangle, plus several from surrounding quadrangles 
			(but from units found in the Lake of the Woods North 
			quadrangle), were dated using K-Ar (13 specimens) or 
			40Ar/39Ar (two specimens) dating methods. The major 
			and trace elemental chemistry data and ages (if dated) 
			of specimens collected within the Lake of the Woods 
			North quadrangle are made available in the samples 
			table of this data set.
		Purpose:  These data were collected and compiled in order to 
			better understand the local geology and geologic 
			history, to create a field-mappable geologic map of the 
			U.S. Geological Survey 7.5' Lake of the Woods North 
			quadrangle to be published as Open-File Report O-11-03, 
			and to make available the collected chemical and age 
			information that may be useful in various forms of 
			study of this volcanic region. The map is intended for 
			a diverse audience with varying amounts of geologic 
			understanding. This is one of a series of geologic 
			maps of USGS 7.5' quadrangles in the south-central 
			region of Oregon to be published by the Oregon 
			Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.
		Supplemental Information:  There are several different files 
			and file formats in this data set. The geologic units 
			table, unit boundaries/contacts table, samples table, 
			faults table, and volcanic centers table were created 
			in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and the .TAB files 
			can be opened using MapInfo software. These data were 
			later translated to ESRI compatible file formats using 
			the MapInfo Universal Translator extension. These 
			translated files were then arranged and set up to 
			properly display the data when opened in the ESRI 
			ArcMap software.
			There is a MapInfo workspace (.WOR) file that opens the 
			georeferenced USGS Lake of the Woods North 7.5' 
			quadrangle raster image and the other Lake of the Woods 
			North quadrangle tables mentioned above (LOWN.WOR). 
			There is also an ArcMap file (.MXD) which contains the 
			georeferenced USGS Lake of the Woods North 7.5' 
			quadrangle and the geologic units, unit boundaries, 
			samples, faults, and volcanic centers shapefiles and 
			accompanying attribute tables (LOWN.MXD).
	Time Period of Content:
		Multiple Dates/Times:
			Calendar Date:  1984, 1986, 1991, 1992, 2002, and 2009.
			Currentness Reference:  ground condition and 2011 is 
				the publication date
	Status:
		Progress:  Complete
			Maintenance and Update Frequency:  Unknown
	Spatial Domain:
		Bounding Coordinates:
			West Bounding Coordinate:  -122.25
			East Bounding Coordinate:  -122.125
			North Bounding Coordinate:  42.5
			South Bounding Coordinate:  42.375
	Keywords:
		Theme:
     		 	Theme Keyword Thesaurus:  none
      			Theme Keyword:  geologic map
			Theme Keyword:  map of surface geology
			Theme Keyword:  surface geology
			Theme Keyword:  volcanoes
			Theme Keyword:  Oregon volcanoes
      			Theme Keyword:  volcanic flows
			Theme Keyword:  lava flows
			Theme Keyword:  units
			Theme Keyword:  formations
			Theme Keyword:  formation boundary
			Theme Keyword:  contact
      			Theme Keyword:  samples
      			Theme Keyword:  rock samples
			Theme Keyword:  geochemistry
			Theme Keyword:  chemistry
			Theme Keyword:  age-dated
			Theme Keyword:  volcanic center
			Theme Keyword:  geospatial vector format
			Theme Keyword:  digital raster graphic
			Theme Keyword:  drg
			Theme Keyword:  topographic map
			Theme Keyword:  topographic quadrangle
      			Theme Keyword:  USGS quadrangle
      			Theme Keyword:  Open-File Report
      			Theme Keyword:  Open-File Report 11-03	
		Place:
			Place Keyword Thesaurus:  none
			Place Keyword:  Oregon
			Place Keyword:  south-central Oregon
      			Place Keyword:  Southern Oregon
      			Place Keyword:  Klamath County
      			Place Keyword:  Oregon volcanoes
     	 		Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods North USGS 7.5' 
				quadrangle
      			Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods North quadrangle
      			Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods North
      			Place Keyword:  Rainbow Bay
			Place Keyword:  Pearce Point
		        Place Keyword:  Rye Spur
      			Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods
      			Place Keyword:  Long Lake
      			Place Keyword:  Fourmile Lake
     	 		Place Keyword:  Badger Lake
      			Place Keyword:  Woodpecker Lake
      			Place Keyword:  Lake Aphis
      			Place Keyword:  Lake Clovis
      			Place Keyword:  Lake Bernice
      			Place Keyword:  Lake Janice
      			Place Keyword:  Bull Swamp
      			Place Keyword:  Wolf Lake
      			Place Keyword:  Lake Malice
      			Place Keyword:  Dry Creek
      			Place Keyword:  Billie Creek
      			Place Keyword:  Seldom Creek
      			Place Keyword:  Fourmile Creek
      			Place Keyword:  Lost Creek 
      			Place Keyword:  Long Creek
      			Place Keyword:  Horse Creek
      			Place Keyword:  Camp McLoughlin
      			Place Keyword:  Fourmile Rock Pit
      			Place Keyword:  Lost Creek Cinder Pit
			Place Keyword:  Pelican Butte Road
			Place Keyword:  Oregon Route 140
			Place Keyword:  Fourmile Lake Road	
			Place Keyword:  Winema National Forest
			Place Keyword:  Mountain Lakes Wilderness
		Stratum:	
			Stratum Keyword Thesaurus:  none
			Stratum Keyword:  surface
			Stratum Keyword:  surface geology
			Stratum Keyword:  surficial
			Stratum Keyword:  surficial formations
			Stratum Keyword:  surface formations
			Stratum Keyword:  surface units
			Stratum Keyword:  surficial units
			Stratum Keyword:  upper strata
			Stratum Keyword:  surface strata
			Stratum Keyword:  volcanic strata
			Stratum Keyword:  volcanic
			Stratum Keyword:  surficial volcanic deposits
			Stratum Keyword:  lava flows
			Stratum Keyword:  surficial lava flow
			Stratum Keyword:  Quaternary sediments
			Stratum Keyword:  Quaternary landslides
		Temporal:
			Temporal Keyword Thesaurus:  none
			Temporal Keyword:  3.6 Ma
			Temporal Keyword:  3.6  million years
			Temporal Keyword:  present
			Temporal Keyword:  3.6 million years ago to the present
      			Temporal Keyword:  late Cenozoic
			Temporal Keyword:  upper Cenozoic
			Temporal Keyword:  Quaternary
			Temporal Keyword:  3.600 Ma
			Temporal Keyword:  3.600 million years
			Temporal Keyword:  Less than 3.600 million years
			Temporal Keyword:  3.600 million years ago to the 
				present
			Temporal Keyword:  Middle Pliocene to Holocene
			Temporal Keyword:  Pliocene to Holocene
			Temporal Keyword:  Pliocene
			Temporal Keyword:  Tertiary
			Temporal Keyword:  Neogene
      			Temporal Keyword:  Pleistocene
			Temporal Keyword:  Holocene
	Access Constraints:  none
	Use Constraints:  Acknowledgement of the authors and the Oregon 
		Department of Geology and Mineral Industries would be 
		appreciated in products derived from these data.
	Point of Contact:
		Contact Person Primary:  Stanley A. Mertzman
		Contact Address: 
			Address Type:  mailing and physical address
			Address:  Stanley A. Mertzman, Franklin and Marshall 
				College, Department of Earth and Environment, 
				PO Box 3003
      			City:  Lancaster
      			State or Province:  Pennsylvania
      			Postal Code:  17604
		Contact Voice Telephone:  1-717-291-3818
		Contact Electronic Mail Address:  stan.mertzman@fandm.edu
		Contact Instructions:  contact via electronic mail is preferred
	Browse Graphic:
		Browse Graphic File Name:  LOWN30x36.pdf
		Browse Graphic File Description:  The LOWN30x36.pdf file 
			contains the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake of 
			the Woods North 7.5' Quadrangle, Klamath County, Oregon 
			of Open-File Report O-11-03. This map was made from the 
			data provided in this data set. The basic image in this 
			map (the 1985 Provisional Edition USGS Lake of the 
			Woods North 7.5' quadrangle overlain by the formations, 
			formation boundaries/contacts, faults, and sample 
			symbols) was created in MapInfo Professional version 
			7.0 using the data available in this data set 
			(LOWNQuadforTransparent.TAB, LOWNUnits.TAB, 
			LOWNUnitBounds.TAB, LOWNFaults.TAB, and 
			LOWNSamples.TAB). This image was exported from MapInfo 
			Professional v. 7.0 as a Photoshop Document (.PSD) at a 
			zoom of 1 inch = 1.4 miles, a window size of 7.99 miles 
			(in the export options, the actual window size was 
			doubled from 5.72 inches to 11.44 inches), and with a 
			resolution of 600 pixels per inch.  The colors of the 
			resulting .PSD file were adjusted in Adobe Photoshop 
			CS3 to match USGS CMYK color standards. The image was 
			then opened in Adobe Illustrator CS3 (and in CS5 during 
			later edits) where its size was increased by 184.7999% 
			to make the map scale 1:24,000. The scale was then 
			checked manually within Adobe Illustrator CS5. The 
			samples’ map numbers, the formation labels, and the 
			rest of what is seen on the map sheet, such as the time 
			rock chart and the legend, were added to the map sheet 
			in Adobe Illustrator CS3 and CS5. The resulting 30 inch 
			x 36 inch Adobe Illustrator image was saved as a 
			Portable Document Format (.PDF) file and the result is 
			the image of the geologic map seen in the file 
			LOWNMap30x36.pdf.
		Browse Graphic File Type:  PDF
	Native Data Set Environment:  The majority of the data files in the 
		data set used to make the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake 
		of the Woods North 7.5' Quadrangle, Klamath County, Oregon of 
		Open-File Report 11-03 was originally created using MapInfo 
		Professional software version 7.0 running under a Microsoft 
		Windows 2000 Professional operating system. The data that were 
		digitized in this environment were the geologic units, the unit 
		boundaries, the faults, the sample locations, and the volcanic 
		centers layers. These files were modified using MapInfo 
		Professional software version 7.0 running under a Microsoft 
		Windows XP Professional version 2002 Service Pack 2 operating 
		system. The USGS 7.5' Lake of the Woods North quadrangle 
		digital raster graphic (drg) was obtained from an external 
		source (the University of Oregon Libraries website, 
		http://libweb.uoregon.edu/map/map_section/search.html) and was 
		produced in a different and unknown environment. However, in 
		order to make a version of this USGS quadrangle drg that would 
		make its white and green areas transparent (so that the map 
		could overlay the formations layer and the formations could 
		show through) the digital USGS quadrangle drg was modified 
		from the state in which it was originally obtained. This 
		modification was done using Adobe Photoshop version 5 and the 
		resulting image of the quadrangle was manually georeferenced 
		in MapInfo Professional version 7.0. The data were at times 
		accessed and modified in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 
		running under a Microsoft XP operating system, and the final 
		files were made on such a PC with Windows 7 Ultimate running 
		MapInfo Professional version 10.5. The data from the Lake of 
		the Woods North quadrangle samples table have been exported 
		from MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and version 10.5 at 
		least one time and opened in Microsoft Excel for addition or 
		modification of certain attributes, particularly chemistry 
		data. The Microsoft Excel file was then reopened in MapInfo 
		Professional version 7.0 or version 10.5. The files of this 
		data set have been saved and backed-up on various hard drives 
		at various times. The most up-to-date MapInfo Professional 
		formatted files (DAT, ID, MAP, PSD, TAB, TFW, TIF, and WOR)
		have a total size of 9.85 MB.
		After the data set had been produced in MapInfo Professional 
		version 7.0 or 10.5, the files were converted using MapInfo’s 
		Universal Translator extension to produce files that could be 
		opened with ESRI ArcMap software version 10.0. This was done 
		by converting the MapInfo TAB files into ESRI SHP format files. 
		The USGS quadrangle drg was reopened within ESRI ArcMap. 
		Further modification of the data files occurred within ESRI 
		ArcMap, such as adjustment of attribute names in the attribute 
		table, adjustment of symbol shapes and colors, and setting of 
		the formation regions’ colors to make these features similar 
		to how they appear in the MapInfo Files and on the Open-File 
		Report geologic maps. The ESRI-formatted files (MXD, DBF, PRJ, 
		SBN, SBX, SHP, SHX, AUX, RRD, TFW, and TIF) have a total size 
		of 17.3 MB.


Data Quality Information
	Attribute Accuracy:
		Attribute Accuracy Report:  The attribute accuracy was tested 
			in several ways. For sample, unit boundary, fault, and 
			volcanic center location attributes (UTM coordinates), 
			accuracy was assessed by comparison of on-screen 
			representations of the location (digital maps on the 
			computer screen) to hard copy versions (hand-drawn or 
			similarly-demarcated locations and boundaries on top of 
			paper USGS quadrangles [when available]). On several 
			occasions, the digitized versions of the Lake of the 
			Woods North 7.5' quadrangle were printed out on paper 
			with the symbol locations, formation/unit boundaries, 
			and faults demarcated. The print-out was then assessed 
			by the chief geologist of the project, Stanley A. 
			Mertzman. The final digital version was also assessed 
			by Stanley A. Mertzman.
			The UTM coordinates of the samples provided in the 
			attribute table have a precision that does not reflect 
			that with which their locations on the map were 
			determined. The precision reflects the values that were 
			assigned using MapInfo Professional version 7.0’s or 
			10.5's Coordinate Extractor extension after manual 
			placement (digitization) of the sample locations on the 
			drg of the USGS 7.5' Lake of the Woods North quadrangle 
			based on comparison with the original paper quadrangles 
			or other maps on which locations were drawn, or in some 
			cases, based on previously-rounded (to the nearest 10m) 
			UTM coordinates for samples not shown on the original 
			paper map(s). The accuracy and precision of the 
			locations drawn on the original paper maps may vary. 
			Prior to the year 2000, sampling locations were 
			originally determined by use of a Brunton compass in 
			the field and these data were later translated to the 
			1:24,000 USGS 7.5' quadrangles using plastic overlay 
			cards marked with 1:24000 scale UTM coordinate grids or 
			tick marks at relevant, repeated intervals. After the 
			year 2000, Magellan GPS units were used in the field to 
			determine a sample’s collection location, and again 
			these coordinates were placed on the 1:24,000 scale 
			USGS quadrangles using the appropriate plastic overlay 
			card with UTM units.
			The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) attributes (¼ of ¼ 
			Section, ¼ Section, Section, Township, and Range) in 
			the Lake of the Woods North samples table were created 
			in a manner so as to be as accurate as possible, but 
			have not been tested for accuracy beyond the checks 
			that occurred during their production. Typically the 
			Township and Range attribute values were assigned by 
			selection of all samples that occurred within either 
			manually created or downloaded polygons of the Township 
			and Range boundaries. Samples near a Township or Range 
			grid line were more carefully studied on the screen to 
			check that the sample really did lie within the 
			supposed Township. The Section attribute was assigned 
			based on a sample’s location in relation to the PLSS 
			section grid as represented on the drg of the Lake of 
			the Woods North quadrangle in MapInfo (the sections 
			are the small quadrangles demarcated by dashed red 
			lines with the section numbers in their centers [where 
			possible]).
			The ¼ of ¼ Section and ¼ Section attributes were 
			assigned for each sample based on downloaded grids 
			(http://www.geocommunicator.gov/GeoComm/lsis_home/
			home/index.shtm) which displayed the boundaries of the 
			¼ of ¼ Sections and ¼ Sections of Townships. Because 
			the Section and Township boundaries did not always line 
			up perfectly with those of the underlying quadrangle 
			DRG, at times attributes of samples close to lines in 
			this grid had to be assigned based on mental 
			adjustments, or at times the use of MapInfo 
			Professional version 7.0’s Ruler tool, by a technician. 
			For this reason, the accuracy of the ¼ of ¼ Section and 
			¼ Section attributes may be questionable in some cases, 
			particularly in those samples which lie close to the 
			boundaries which demarcate these location descriptors.
			The accuracy of a sample’s Unit attribute was tested by 
			a visual check of the sample’s location in relation to 
			the unit boundaries as displayed in MapInfo 
			Professional version 10.5 and by analysis of the 
			chemical data.
			The accuracy of the chemical data is dependent on many 
			factors not discussed here. The samples were analyzed 
			by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) at various times and 
			possibly by different machines. All that will be said 
			is that the accuracy of the XRF chemical data is 
			monitored and assessed during the measurement 
			procedure by using an instrument monitor (to account 
			for local climate and machine conditions on the day of 
			measurement), by running several well-measured 
			standards in every batch, and by analyzing the totals 
			counts. That the chemical attributes of each sample in 
			the data table match the originally assigned data from 
			the XRF instrument was insured by copying the data from 
			the original Excel data files that contained the 
			chemistry information provided by the XRF spectrometer 
			and pasting them into an Excel spreadsheet which 
			eventually became the attribute table of the 
			LOWNSamples.TAB MapInfo table. All of the chemical 
			data were derived from these original Excel files, 
			except for those of several of the age-dated samples, 
			which may have values copied from a previous 
			publication in Oregon Geology by Stanley A. Mertzman 
			(2000). That the chemistries of the dated samples were 
			correctly copied into the data table was checked by 
			comparison of the digital data to the data printed in 
			the publication. In cases where there were differences 
			between the values in the original XRF results and 
			those in the 2000 publication (Mertzman, 2000), the 
			values in the data table were changed to match those 
			of the 2000 publication.
			The colors of the units are consistent between adjacent 
			quadrangles mapped in this project and were created as 
			the RGB (only color mode allowed in MapInfo 
			Professional version 7.0) equivalents of standard USGS 
			CMYK colors.
	Logical Consistency Report: The boundaries of the Lake of the Woods 
		North unit polygons within the units table (LOWNUnits) have 
		been checked for self- intersections, overlaps, and gaps using 
		MapInfo Professional version 10.5 and no self-intersections, 
		overlaps, or gap problems were detected. The edges of unit 
		polygons have also been checked against those mapped in 
		adjacent USGS 7.5' quadrangles as part of this project, but 
		available in other data sets (the incomplete Pelican Butte 
		quadrangle to the north [unpublished at the time of editing 
		this document (01/08/11)], the Lake of the Woods South 
		quadrangle to the south [OFR O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007)], 
		the Mt. McLoughlin quadrangle to the west [unpublished at the 
		time of editing this (01/08/11)], and the incomplete Pelican 
		Bay quadrangle to the east [unpublished at the time of editing 
		this (01/08/11)]). All of the boundaries (where present) were 
		found to fit, and all of the points at the quadrangle corners 
		were found to align perfectly if unit layers were present 
		(including those of units in the Aspen Lake quadrangle to the 
		southeast [OFR O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007)] and the Brown 
		Mtn. quadrangle to the southwest [OFR O-07-09 (Mertzman et 
		al., 2007)]). The unit boundaries polylines (from the file 
		LOWNUnitBounds) were drawn in a separate layer on top of the 
		formations/units layer using the trace function that is 
		available in the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 software.
		There are seve pairs of samples with duplicate coordinates in 
		the Lake of the Woods North samples data table (LOWNSamples) 
		due to the collection of more than one sample from the same 
		location or possibly from multiple XRF analyses of different 
		parts of the same sample.
	Completeness Report:  All field-mappable units (and thus unit 
		boundaries) in the USGS 7.5' Lake of the Woods North 
		quadrangle have been mapped. At least one sample (not 
		necessarily within the USGS Lake of the Woods North 7.5' 
		quadrangle) from each volcanic unit present in the quadrangle 
		has been age-dated (except for the Andesite of Brown Mountain 
		[Qabm]). All known faults and volcanic centers within the 
		Lake of the Woods North quadrangle have been mapped and the 
		layer containing the volcanic centers’ locations have been 
		included in this data set. All samples known to have been 
		collected within this quadrangle and analyzed by X-ray 
		fluorescence (XRF) by Professor Stanley A. Mertzman, students, 
		or a lab technician have been mapped and are included within 
		this data set. All chemistry results from the XRF analyses 
		have been included in the attribute table of the samples data 
		file (LOWNSamples). All map numbers, sample numbers, ages 
		(applicable only to dated samples) in millions of years (Ma), 
		Public Land Survey System (PLSS: ¼ of ¼ Section, ¼ Section, 
		Section, Township, and Range according to the Willamette 
		meridian and base line), UTM coordinates (North American Datum 
		of 1927: Zone 10), unit membership, and lithology (based on 
		the total alkalis versus silica [TAS] classification method 
		for volcanic rocks described by Le Maitre [2002]) have been 
		included in the attribute table of the samples data file. The 
		unit's symbol, name, geologic time scale age, and 
		radiometrically-determined age(s) are the attributes of the 
		Lake of the Woods North units table (LOWNUnits). The number 
		attribute in the LOWNUnits table allows the stratigraphically 
		accurate listing of the units in the table. The attributes of 
		the faults table indicate whether the fault’s location is 
		approximate or concealed and inferred (Appr_or_Conc); describe 
		what kind of fault it is (Type_of_Fault); and indicate the 
		relative direction of the hanging-wall/down-dropped block to 
		the fault (Notes). The attributes of the volcanic centers table 
		provide their UTM Easting and Northing locations (UTM_E_m and 
		UTM_N_m) according to the North American Datum of 1927 for the 
		US: Zone 10 (NAD 27: Zone 10) as determined using the 
		Coordinate Extractor extension in MapInfo Professional v. 7.0. 
		As with the sample location coordinates, the precision of the 
		UTM coordinates of the volcanic centers is greater than that 
		with which the locations were assigned due to the precision 
		of the results the Coordinate Extractor produces.
	Positional Accuracy:  
		Horizontal Positional Accuracy:
			Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:  The horizontal 
				positional accuracy of the digitized data with 
				regard to the original paper maps has been 
				checked by visual comparison of the digitized 
				sample locations, formation boundaries, faults, 
				and volcanic centers to the original paper maps 
				when possible. The positional accuracy of the 
				original sample locations on the original paper 
				maps may vary depending on the location-
				determining methods used as discussed above 
				(Brunton compass before 2000 or Magellan GPS 
				thereafter). The positions of the unit 
				boundaries are approximate and their accuracy 
				has not necessarily been field tested. Analysis 
				of the collected samples (chemistry, 
				hand-sample, and thin sections) and familiarity 
				with the area from lots of time spent in the 
				field by experienced geologists ought to ensure 
				reasonable accuracy of the mapped unit 
				boundaries, although this is not quantifiable. 
	Lineage:
      		Source Information:
      			Source Citation:
      				Originator:  U.S. Geological Survey
      				Publication Date:  1985
				Title:  Lake of the Woods North Quadrangle: 
					Oregon–Klamath Co. 7.5 Minute Series 
					(Topographic)
      				Edition:  Provisional Edition 1985
      				Geospatial Data Presentation Form:  map and 
					raster digital data (digital raster 
					graphic [drg]) of map
      				Series Information:
      					Series Name:  U.S. Geological Survey 
						7.5 Minute Series Topographic 
						Quadrangles
					Series Issue:  Lake of the Woods North, 
						Oreg.: Provisional Edition 
						1985: 42122-D2-TF-024
				Publication Information:
      					Publication Place:  Denver, CO or 
						Reston, VA
      					Publisher:  U.S. Geological Survey
				Other Citation Details:  A drg of this map can 
					be downloaded from the University of 
					Oregon Libraries website.
      				Online Linkage:  UO Libraries website:
      					http://libweb.uoregon.edu/dc/24k_lookup/
      					displaymap.php?ohio_code=42122d2
      				Source Scale Denominator:  24,000
	 		Type of Source Media:  Paper and Online
			Source Time Period of Content:
				Time Period Information:
      					Multiple Dates/Times:
						Calendar Dates:  1980, 1982, 
							1985
				Source Currentness Reference:  1980 corresponds 
					to the year in which aerial photographs 
					were taken; the map was field checked 
					in 1982; and the map was edited and 
					published in 1985. The year of 
					production of the particular drg used 
					in the data set is not currently known.
				Source Citation Abbreviation:  42122d2
				Source Contribution:  The USGS Lake of the 
					Woods North 7.5 minute paper quadrangle 
					was used as the base map on which the 
					geology of the quadrangle was mapped by 
					Stanley A. Mertzman, his colleagues, 
					and students (the exact version[s] of 
					the map[s] used as the original base 
					maps is not currently known). A 
					downloaded drg of the Lake of the Woods 
					South 7.5 minute quadrangle (42122d2) 
					was used as the base map for this data 
					set onto which the sample locations, 
					units, faults, and volcanic centers 
					were copied (digitized) from a paper 
					version (or versions) of the map(s) 
					produced by the geologists involved in 
					this project. It is also possible that 
					the sample collection locations came 
					from UTM coordinates provided in a 
					report by one of the geologists. 
		Process Step:
			Process Description:  The first step in the production 
				of this data set was the collection of rock 
				samples and observations from the field. The 
				samples’ chemistries were determined by X-ray 
				fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy (see 
				http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml for an overview of 
				the XRF spectroscopy preparation and analysis 
				procedure at Franklin & Marshall College’s XRF 
				laboratory). The hand-samples were carefully 
				analyzed and described. Thin sections of the 
				rocks allowed further description of certain 
				samples by analysis with a petrographic 
				microscope. 
				A sample’s collection location was determined 
				in the field using a Brunton compass prior to 
				2000, and with a Magellan GPS unit after 2000. 
				The sample locations were marked on paper 
				versions of the USGS 7.5' Lake of the Woods 
				South quadrangle (and in some cases, only the 
				UTM coordinates were recorded or retrievable 
				for use in digitization). These locations were 
				digitized using a georeferenced (to the North 
				American Datum of 1927 [NAD 27] zone 10 
				horizontal datum) drg of the quadrangle in 
				MapInfo Professional version 7.0 by placing a 
				point (node) in a layer above the drg at the 
				location identical to the sample’s location on 
				the paper map. If a sample was not present on 
				a map, but the UTM coordinates of its 
				collection location were known, these 
				coordinate values were used to plot the 
				sample’s collection location in MapInfo. This 
				process was the first step in the production of 
				the Lake of the Woods South samples table 
				(LOWNSamples); it produced point data from 
				which the UTM coordinates, if not already 
				known, could be extracted to the attribute 
				table. Please note that the precision of the 
				UTM coordinates does not necessarily reflect 
				the precision with which they were originally 
				obtained, but represents the precision obtained 
				when extracting the coordinates of the points 
				(with MapInfo Professional version 7.0’s 
				Coordinate Extractor tool) after they were 
				digitized from the paper maps.
				The LOWNSamples attribute table was exported 
				from MapInfo Professional v. 7.0 at least one 
				time to Microsoft Excel, where other sample 
				attributes were added and or modified (such as 
				lithology and chemistry data). These Excel 
				spreadsheets were then imported back into 
				MapInfo Professional version 7.0 or 10.5 and 
				the previously extracted UTM coordinates were 
				used to re-plot the sample locations over the 
				7.5' quadrangle drg. The drg of the quadrangle 
				was also used in assigning some of the 
				Township, Range, and Section attributes to the 
				samples. Downloaded PLSS grids also aided in 
				assigning these and other PLSS attributes (¼ 
				of ¼ section, ¼ section) to the samples table.
				The combination of the analyses of collected 
				samples and a familiarity with the area from a 
				lot of time spent in the field allowed Stanley 
				A. Mertzman to determine and discriminate 
				between the units present within the Lake of 
				the Woods North 7.5' quadrangle and to draw the 
				approximate locations of their boundaries on 
				the paper USGS 7.5' topographic maps. These 
				boundaries were then digitized in the same 
				manner as sample locations, by copying their 
				locations from the paper map to a MapInfo layer 
				on top of a drg of the same map (USGS 7.5' Lake 
				of the Woods North quadrangle (42122d2)). This 
				was done using the polygon tool in MapInfo 
				Professional version 7.0. The boundary of the 
				unit on the map (contact) (LOWNUnitBounds 
				MapInfo Table) was digitized as the boundary of 
				the polygon in MapInfo. The unit polygons were 
				colored based on RGB equivalents of standard 
				USGS CMYK colors. The unit ages, names, and 
				symbols (abbreviated names) were added to the 
				attribute table at a later stage of the 
				process. It was decided that a separate layer 
				(file) should be made for the unit boundaries 
				(contacts) within the quadrangle because the 
				edges of the unit polygons did not necessarily 
				correspond to the actual unit boundaries. The 
				edges of the unit polygons were limited by the 
				quadrangle boundaries, so although many units 
				extend beyond the boundaries of the Lake of the 
				Woods North USGS 7.5' quadrangle, the polygons 
				for this data set were limited to the area of 
				the quadrangle. 
				In order to make a layer (LOWNUnitBounds) that 
				corresponded to the actual unit boundaries 
				(ground-surface contacts between two rock 
				units), the true unit boundaries (not those 
				cut off at the quadrangle’s edges) were made 
				by tracing (using MapInfo’s trace function) 
				all of the unit polygons’ edges, except those 
				that corresponded with the 4 sides of the 
				quadrangle. This process created the polylines 
				that now represent the unit boundaries/contacts 
				in this data set (LOWNUnitBounds).
				The volcanic centers’ locations 
				(LOWNVolcCenters) were originally determined 
				from field observations and sample analyses. 
				Their locations were marked on a paper version 
				of the quadrangle with temporary stickers and 
				then digitized by copying the location to the 
				identical spot on the drg of the quadrangle. 
				The UTM coordinates of these locations have 
				been extracted into the volcanic centers 
				attribute table using MapInfo version 7.0’s 
				Coordinate Extractor tool. Please note that, 
				like the precision of the samples’ UTM 
				coordinates, the precision of the volcanic 
				centers UTM coordinates does not reflect that 
				with which the location was determined, but is 
				the result of using MapInfo v. 7.0’s Coordinate 
				Extractor Extension that outputs the data in a 
				certain format.
				The faults’ locations were primarily determined 
				based on field observations, but in certain 
				locations were inferred based on the local 
				topography and geology combined with the 
				consideration of the location of faults that 
				went to the edges of adjacent 7.5 minute USGS 
				quadrangles.
				After the creation of final forms of all of the 
				necessary files in MapInfo, the MapInfo 
				Universal Translator Extension was used to 
				convert the MapInfo-formatted data set to ESRI-
				format files. This involved converting the 
				mapinfo TAB files of the unit polygons, unit 
				boundary (contact) polylines, sample points, 
				fault polylines, and volcanic center points to 
				shapefiles (SHPs). These files were opened and 
				adjusted in ESRI ArcMap version 9.2. It should 
				be noted that two additional fields 
				(attributes) were created when the MapInfo TAB 
				files were converted to ESRI-format files. 
				These two fields are the “FID” and the 
				“Shape*.” The “FID” numbers all of the objects 
				in the data tables and the “Shape*” attribute 
				tells what kind of data an object is (i.e., 
				multipoint, polyline, or polygon). These added 
				fields are not discussed with the rest of the 
				attributes below. It should also be noted that 
				certain attribute names of the ESRI-format files 
				were changed by the program during their 
				creation and were not able to be modified by the 
				technician. In such cases, the alias of the 
				attribute was changed to fit the original 
				attribute titles (as shown below), but the names 
				had to be left as they were converted.
				The digital versions of the sample collection 
				locations; units and unit boundaries; faults;  
				and the volcanic centers locations were checked 
				by visual comparison of the digital data on the 
				computer screen (in MapInfo) or on printed 
				copies to the original source paper maps. 
				Furthermore, final printed or digital (PDF) 
				versions of the resulting map(s) were assessed 
				by the chief geologist of this project, Stanley 
				A. Mertzman.
			Source Used Citation Abbreviation:  42122d2
			Process Date:  2011
			Process Contact:
				Contact Information:
					Contact Person Primary:
      						Contact Person:  Isaac Weaver
				Contact Position:  Research Assistant
				Contact Address: 
					Address Type:  mailing and physical 
						address
					Address:  Isaac Weaver, Franklin and 
						Marshall College, Department of 
						Earth and Environment, PO Box 
						3003
      					City:  Lancaster
      					State or Province:  Pennsylvania
      					Postal Code:  17604
				Contact Voice Telephone:  Unavailable
				Contact Electronic Mail Address:  
      					isaacweaver@hotmail.com 					

Spatial Data Organization Information
	Indirect Spatial Reference:  This data set contains the drg of the USGS 
		7.5' Lake of the Woods North quadrangle and files with point 
		data locations at which rock samples were collected from 
		outcrops, polygons of the geologic units, polylines of the unit 
		boundaries (contacts), polylines of the faults, and point data 
		volcanic center locations for the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 
		minute Lake of the Woods North quadrangle.
	Direct Spatial Reference Method:  Point, Vector, and Raster
      
      
Spatial Reference Information
	Horizontal Coordinate System Definition:  
		Planar:
			Grid Coordinate System:
				Grid Coordinate System Name: Universal 
					Transverse Mercator
				Universal Transverse Mercator:
					UTM Zone Number: 10
					Transverse Mercator: 
						Scale Factor at Central 
							Meridian:  0.999600
						Longitude of Central Meridian:  
							-123.000000
						Latitude of Projection Origin:  
							0.000000
						False Easting:  500000.000000
						False Northing:  0.000000
			Planar Coordinate Information:
				Planar Coordinate Encoding Method:  coordinate 
					pair
				Coordinate Representation:
					Abscissa Resolution:  0.01
					Ordinate Resolution:  0.01
				Planar Distance Units: meters
		Geodetic Model:
			Horizontal Datum Name:  North American Datum of 1927
			Ellipsoid Name:  Clarke 1866
			Semi-major Axis:  6378206.4
			Denominator of Flattening Ratio:  294.9787
	

Entity and Attribute Information
	Detailed Description:
		Entity Type: 
			Entity Type Label:  Unit
			Entity Type Definition:  A rock unit (or simply unit), 
				with regard to this data set, is a body of rock 
				with a limited range of lithological 
				characteristics (as determined by analyses of 
				outcrops and samples in the field and in the 
				laboratory) that can be distinguished from 
				other bodies of rocks by observations made in 
				the field (such as analysis of outcrops or 
				hand-samples collected from them). That is to 
				say, a unit is field-mappable according to the 
				definition used in the creation of this data 
				set. Nevertheless, the chemistry data and other 
				observations not possible in the field were 
				still considered in determining and 
				discriminating the units. In the Lake of the 
				Woods 7.5' quadrangle, a unit may represent one 
				or more volcanic flows; vent deposits; or 
				quaternary alluvium, landslide plus glacial, or 
				glacial deposits. A unit has an age (or age-
				range), which has been determined by 
				radiometric dating of collected samples (except 
				for the Quaternary alluvium [Qal], Quaternary 
				glacial [Qg], and Quaternary glacial plus 
				Quaternary landslide deposits [Qg&Qls]; 
				although samples were collected within the Qg 
				area, these should be considered as float 
				material). It should be noted that the vent 
				deposit units (Qbv) could perhaps best 
				described as a sub-unit of the units in which 
				they are found (Andesite of Fourmile Creek 
				[Qafc], Basalt of Chaffee Point [Qbcp], Basalt 
				of Lost Creek [Qblc], Basalt of Pearce Point 
				[Qbpp], Basalt of Woodpecker Lake [Qbwl], and 
				Basaltic Andesite of Long Creek Peak [Qbalc]), 
				but is classified separately due to the 
				difference in lithology. 
				Detailed descriptions of the units found within 
				the USGS 7.5' Lake of the Woods North 
				quadrangle are found in the Open-File Report 
				O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 2011). In this data 
				set, the units are found in the LOWNUnits file 
				and are colored polygons with their edges 
				placed at the approximate locations of the 
				contacts, except when limited by the quadrangle 
				boundaries.
			Entity Type Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011) for detailed descriptions of the units 
				found within the Lake of the Woods North 
				quadrangle.
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  number
			Attribute Definition:  This numbering system was used 
				to order the geologic units stratigraphically 
				in the MapInfo attribute table.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011).
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Range Domain:
      					Range Domain Minimum:  1
      					Range Domain Maximum:  32
			Attribute Units of Measure:  unitless
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Symbol
      			Attribute Definition:  The symbol is a form of 
				shorthand text, specific to a unit, that is 
				created by combining age and lithology 
				information with an abbreviated form of the 
				unit’s name. The symbol attribute is meant to 
				be displayed on the pdf versions of the 
				geologic map to save space while identifying 
				the unit, or it can be displayed when viewing 
				the data in MapInfo or ArcMap on a computer. 
				It is intended that the symbol convey age, 
				lithology, and unit name information. The 
				first letter is capitalized and represents the 
				period-age of the formation (T=Tertiary and 
				Q=Quaternary). If the first letter of the 
				symbol is a capital T, then the second letter 
				represents the epoch-age of the formation 
				(p=Pliocene and m=Miocene). It should be noted 
				that these first two letters only represent 
				the oldest dated age of the formation; that 
				is, a unit’s age may span from period to 
				period or epoch to epoch, but this cannot be 
				discerned from the symbol. The remaining 
				letters in the symbol indicate the dominant 
				lithology of the formation and its name. The 
				lithology (for volcanic units, b=basalt, ba= 
				basaltic andesite, and a=andesite [based on 
				weight percent silica(SiO2)]) comes first 
				after the age information in the abbreviation 
				of the unit’s name, which is usually based on 
				an outstanding geographic or topographic 
				feature present in the area of the unit. The 
				vent deposits (Qbv) and the Quaternary 
				sedimentary units (Qal and Qg) do not follow 
				this pattern, are treated more generally, and 
				only have the age information followed by a 
				general lithology abbreviation because these 
				units and sub-units (vent deposits) do not have 
				specific names based on a geographic feature.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None	
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qal
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Alluvium (Holocene).
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011). 
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qg
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Undifferentiated colluvium and 
						alluvium (Pleistocene to 
						Holocene). 
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
      				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbv
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic/basaltic andesite/
						andesite vent deposits 
						(Pleistocene). This unit should 
						be considered a sub-unit of the 
						unit in which it is found. Qbv 
						is present in six units of the 
						Lake of the Woods North 7.5 
						minute quadrangle: Andesite of 
						Fourmile Creek (Qafc), Basalt 
						of Chaffee Point (Qbcp), Basalt 
						of Lost Creek (Qblc), Basalt of 
						Pearce Point (Qbpp), Basalt of 
						Woodpecker Lake (Qbwl), and 
						Basaltic Andesite of Long Creek 
						Peak (Qbalc).
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qabm
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Brown Mountain 
						(Upper Pleistocene)
 					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qafc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Fourmile Creek 
						(Middle Pleistocene).
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qapb
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Pelican Butte 
						(Middle Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
      				Enumerated Domain:
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qawp
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Whiteface Peak 
						(Lower to Middle Pleistocene).
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbalc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Long Creek 
						Peak (Hill 6588) (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbwl
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Woodpecker Lake 
						(Lower Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source: Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qblh
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Lone Hill (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).  
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbsc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Seldom Creek (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbcp
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Chaffee Point (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qblc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Lost Creek (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbal  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Lost Peak 
						(Lower Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbpp
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Pearce Point (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbar
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition: 
						Basaltic Andesite of Rye Spur 
						(Lower Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbla
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Lake Aphis (Upper 
						Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbaf
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Freye Lake (Upper 
						Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbhc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Horse Creek (Middle 
						Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbad
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Dry Creek 
						(Middle Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpais
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Ichabod Spring 
						(Middle Pliocene) 
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Name
      			Attribute Definition:  The Name attribute represents 
				the name of the unit of which the entity is a 
				part. The name combines information on the 
				lithology of the unit with a geographic 
				feature located within or near the unit’s 
				boundary, such as a mountain or a body of 
				water. Detailed descriptions of the units 
				found within the Lake of the Woods North USGS 
				7.5' quadrangle are available in Open-File 
				Report O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 2011).
			Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al., 
				2011.	
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Alluvium  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011 for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  
						Undifferentiated colluvium and 
						alluvium  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
      				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic/
						basaltic andesite/andesite 
						vent deposits
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Poorly lithified to 
						unconsolidated lapilli to ash-
						sized cinders, black to brown 
						to red with lesser amounts of 
						similarly colored lava spatter, 
						bombs, and scoria. These 
						deposits mark volcanic vents 
						areas that are often scoria or 
						cinder cones. Pleistocene in 
						age.
						These areas should be 
						considered sub-units of the 
						units in which they are found, 
						and samples found within areas 
						of basaltic/basaltic andesite/
						andesite vent deposits are 
						classified as part of the 
						complimentary unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
     	 			Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of 
						Brown Mountain 
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).	
      				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of 
						Fourmile Creek 
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of 
						Pelican Butte
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of 
						Whiteface Peak
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic 
						Andesite of Long Creek Peak 
						(Hill 6588)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Woodpecker Lake
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Lone Hill
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
     	 				Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al.,
 						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Seldom Creek
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Chaffee Point
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Lost Creek
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic 
						Andesite of Lost Peak
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Pearce Point
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic 
						Andesite of Rye Spur
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Lake Aphis
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic 
						Andesite of Freye Lake
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of 
						Horse Creek
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic 
						Andesite of Dry Creek
     		 			Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of 
						Ichabod Spring
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						See Open-File Report O-11-03 
						(Mertzman et al., 2011) for a 
						detailed description of this 
						unit.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Open-File Report 
						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Age_Geologic_Time_Scale
      			Attribute Definition:  The Age_Geologic_Time_Scale 
				represents the age of a unit in terms of the 
				“Stage Age” (convention not completely 
				followed, only Lower, Middle, and Upper are 
				used as classes in this naming category) and 
				“Series Epoch” classifiers of the 2007 
				International Stratigraphic Chart 
				(International Commission on Stratigraphy, 
				2007) as defined by dates calculated by 
				Gradstein et al. (2004). The attribute value 
				was determined by a comparison of a unit’s 
				dated age(s) to the stratigraphic age 
				boundaries in the 2007 International 
				Stratigraphic Chart (International Commission 
				on Stratigraphy, 2007). A range of geologic 
				time scale ages may be provided for a unit due 
				to a range of ages calculated for one or more 
				samples therein by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating 
				methods. This attribute provides a low 
				resolution representation of the age of a unit.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See Open-File Report 
				O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 2011), International 
				Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and 
				Gradstein et al. (2004).
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Holocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition: 
						Unknown Holocene (<0.0115 Ma).
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
      				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Pleistocene 
						to Holocene 
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Unknown Pleistocene to Holocene 
						(<1.806 Ma).  
     	 				Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Upper 
						Pleistocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						0.126 – 0.0115 million years 
						ago (Ma)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain: 
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Middle 
						Pleistocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						0.781 – 0.126 million years 
						ago (Ma)
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain: 
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Lower to 
						Middle Pleistocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						1.806 – 0.126 million years ago 
						(Ma)
				Enumerated Domain: 
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Lower 
						Pleistocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						1.806 – 0.781 million years ago 
						(Ma)
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
      				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Upper 
						Pliocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						2.588 – 1.806 million years 
						ago (Ma)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Middle 
						Pliocene
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						3.600 – 2.588 million years 
						ago (Ma)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Gradstein et al. 
						(2004), International 
						Convention on Stratigraphy 
						(2007), and Open-File Report 
      						O-11-03 (Mertzman et al., 
						2011).
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Age_Ma
      			Attribute Definition:  The Age_Ma attribute describes 
				the absolute age or age-range of a unit in 
				millions of years as determined by the dating 
				of collected rock samples with K-Ar or 
				40Ar/39Ar methods. The values are presented 
				with the calculated ages and their error 
				ranges. All units have been age-dated using 
				either of the two aforementioned radiometric 
				dating methods, except for the Qal (Alluvium), 
				Qg (Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium), 
				and Qabm (Andesite of Brown Mountain) units. 
				The Range Domain described below pertains to 
				the radiometrically dated samples. The value 
				for the Qal unit is “unknown Holocene (<0.0115 
				Ma);” the value for the Qg unit is “unknown 
				Quaternary (<1.806 Ma);” the value for the 
				Qabm unit is "un-dated upper Pleistocene 
				(~0.075 to 0.020 Ma)." Each Qbv unit (sub-unit) 
				is tentatively given the age of the unit of 
				which it is considered part since age-dated 
				samples typically did not come from areas of 
				Qbv (except in the Qbalc unit [Basaltic 
				Andesite of Long Creek Peak (Hill 6588)]); 
				therefore, a question mark is displayed with 
				each Qbv area's age values (except that of 
				Qbalc) to imply its tentative nature. 
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011).
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Range Domain:
      					Range Domain Minimum:  <0.0115 Ma
      					Range Domain Maximum:  3.25 ± 0.05 Ma
      					Attribute Units of Measure:  Millions 
						of years (Ma) 
	Detailed Description:
		Entity Type:
			Entity Type Label:  Unit Boundary
			Entity Type Definition:  A unit boundary is the same as 
				a contact. It is the ground-surface (or its 
				trace on the surface, if buried/concealed) 
				boundary between two rock units. In this data 
				set, the unit boundaries are polylines traced 
				on the unit polygon boundaries (except on the 
				boundaries that corresponded with the edges of 
				the quadrangle and were not the true unit 
				boundaries). The contacts have been 
				approximately located. The unit boundaries are 
				contained in the LOWNUnitBounds file.
			Entity Type Definition Source: None
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Unconformity_YorN
			Attribute Definition:  This attribute indicates whether 
				a contact is an unconformity or not. None of 
				the contacts in the Lake of the Woods North 
				quadrangle is classified as an unconformity.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
      			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value: N
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  A 
						“N” indicates that this contact 
						is not an unconformity. These 
						are solid lines on the geologic 
						map, representing an 
						approximately located unit 
						boundary/contact.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  None
      				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Y
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  A 
						“Y” indicates that the contact 
						is an unconformity. There are 
						no unconformities on the Lake 
						of the Woods North quadrangle 
						geologic map.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  None
	Detailed Description:
      		Entity Type:  
			Entity Type Label:  Sample
			Entity Type Definition:  A sample, with regard to this 
				data set, is a field-collected rock specimen 
				from an in situ outcrop (lava flows or vent 
				deposits) – or in the case of the samples from 
				the Qg area, a piece of float – located within 
				the boundaries of the Lake of the Woods North 
				USGS 7.5' quadrangle (42122d2). The goal was to 
				collect a representative suite of samples for 
				each unit. A sample may have been apportioned 
				for the following possible types of analysis: 
				hand-sample analysis with possible use of a 
				hand lens and other tools; heating to measure 
				the loss on ignition (LOI); chemical analysis 
				by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy (all 
				samples); thin section analysis; age-dating by 
				either K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar methods. Samples can 
				be displayed as point data.
				In the LOWNSamples file, sample collection 
				locations are indicated with either a black 
				triangle or with a yellow square with a black 
				outline. The black triangles represent samples 
				for which there is available chemistry data in 
				the attributes table. The yellow squares 
				represent samples that have been age-dated by 
				K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods and also have 
				chemistry data in the data table (attribute 
				table).
			Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011).
		Attribute:  
			Attribute Label:  Map_No
			Attribute Definition: The Map_No is the map number. The 
				map number is displayed on the geologic maps 
				made using this dataset, such as the 
				LOWNMap30x36.pdf discussed above. Map numbers 
				were assigned sequentially to all of the 
				samples after they were organized by age, 
				formation, and silica content. The samples and 
				their data were organized first by the 
				formation, from oldest to youngest formation. 
				Within each formation the data were further 
				organized by placing age-dated samples before 
				samples that were not age-dated. The age-dated 
				samples for each formation were arranged by 
				silica content, from lowest to highest silica 
				content. Then the non-age-dated samples for 
				each formation were arranged by silica content, 
				from lowest to highest. After the data were 
				organized, the map numbers were assigned 
				sequentially down the data table from 1 to 110. 
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Range Domain:
      					Range Domain Minimum:  1
      					Range Domain Maximum:  114
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Sample_No
			Attribute Definition:  The Sample_No is the number or 
				combination of numbers and letters that was 
				assigned to a sample when it was collected in 
				the field, or shortly thereafter. The letters, 
				if present, indicate the initials of the 
				person who collected the sample and the first 
				two numbers (if present) usually represent the 
				last two digits of the year in which the 
				sample was collected. After the first two 
				numbers (possibly with two letters, the naming 
				scheme may vary for some samples) is a dash 
				followed by a number that usually indicates a 
				sample’s place in the order of collection for 
				a particular year. For example, the eighty-
				sixth sample collected by Stanley Mertzman in 
				1992 has the sample number 92-86.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values: 
 				Unpresentable Domain: The values of this 
					attribute were created systematically 
					(mostly), but they are not all 
					numerical and there is no very easy 
					way to describe the domain of these 
					values without creating a sizeable 
					list of the actual values. It is best 
					to understand how the Sample_No 
					attribute was assigned as discussed 
					in the Attribute Definition above.
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  KAr_Age_Ma
			Attribute Definition:  The KAr_Age_Ma is a sample’s 
				absolute age in millions of years as determined 
				by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. Not all 
				samples collected in the Lake of the Woods 
				North 7.5' quadrangle have been age-dated; a 
				total of 14 samples collected from outcrops 
				within this quadrangle have been age-dated. 
				Also provided is the error range of the dated 
				age of a sample.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult Mertzman et al. 
				(2011).
			Attribute Domain Values:   
				Range Domain:
      					Range Domain Minimum:  0.21 ± 0.18 
      					Range Domain Maximum:  2.78 ± 0.09 
      					Attribute Units of Measure:  Millions 
						of years (Ma)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Qtr_of_Qtr
			Attribute Definition:  The Qtr_of_Qtr attribute is the 
				quarter-quarter section classifier of the 
				Public Land Survey System (PLSS). This 
				attribute describes in what quarter (NW, NE, 
				SE, SW) of a quarter section of a section of a 
				township a sample was collected. In this data 
				set, all Township descriptors are according to 
				the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian 
				and Willamette Base Line of the PLSS. 
			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-
				atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html
				and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/
				legaldescrip.php
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  NW
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The northwest quarter of a 
						quarter section of a section 
						of a township.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
      						boundaries/a_plss.html
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  NE
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The northeast quarter of a 
						quarter section of a section 
						of a township.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
						boundaries/a_plss.html
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  SE
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The southeast quarter of a 
						quarter section of a section 
						of a township.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
      						boundaries/a_plss.html 
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  SW
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The southwest quarter of a 
						quarter section of a section 
						of a township.
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
     	 					boundaries/a_plss.html 
      		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Qtr_of_Sec
			Attribute Definition:  The Qtr_of_Sec attribute is the 
				quarter section classifier of the (PLSS). This 
				attribute describes in what quarter section 
				(NW, NE, SE, SW) of a section of a township a 
				sample was collected. In this data set, all 
				Township descriptors are according to the grid 
				defined by the Willamette Meridian and 
				Willamette Base Line of the PLSS.
			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.
				usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html
				and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/
				legaldescrip.php
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  NW
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The northwest quarter section 
						of a section of a township.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
      						boundaries/a_plss.html
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  NE
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The northeast quarter section 
						of a section of a township.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
      						boundaries/a_plss.html	
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  SE
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The southeast quarter section 
						of a section of a township.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
      						boundaries/a_plss.html
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  SW
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The southwest quarter section 
						of a section of a township.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://www-
						atlas.usgs.gov/articles/
      						boundaries/a_plss.html
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Sec
			Attribute Definition:  The Sec is the Section of the 
				Township (according to the PLSS grid) in which 
				the sample was collected. The Section is “a 
				one-square-mile block of land, containing 640 
				acres, or approximately one thirty-sixth of a 
				township. Due to the curvature of the Earth, 
				sections may occasionally be slightly smaller 
				than one square mile.” In this data set, all 
				Township descriptors are according to the grid 
				defined by the Willamette Meridian and 
				Willamette Base Line of the PLSS. 
      			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-
				atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html
				and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/
				legaldescrip.php
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  1
					Range Domain Maximum:  36
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  T_S
      			Attribute Definition:  The T_S (Township_South) is the 
				value of the horizontal row of townships in 
				the PLSS grid (Willamette Meridian and 
				Willamette Base Line for all samples in this 
				data set) in which the sample was collected. 
				The “S” (South) descriptor indicates that the 
				township rows that pertain to this data set 
				are south of the Willamette Base Line of the 
				PLSS. When combined with the R_E (Range) 
				attribute value, this information provides the 
				specific ~36 square mile Township in the 
				Willamette Meridian and Base Line defined 
				grid of the PLSS in which the sample was 
				collected. The other more specific PLSS 
				descriptor attributes were described and 
				discussed above.
			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-
				atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html
				and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/
				legaldescrip.php
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  35
					Range Domain Maximum:  37
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  R_E
			Attribute Definition:  The R_E (Range_East) is the 
				value of the vertical column of townships in 
				the PLSS grid (Willamette Meridian and 
				Willamette Base Line for this data set) in 
				which the sample was collected. The “E” (East) 
				descriptor indicates that the township columns 
				that pertain to this data set are to the east 
				of the Willamette Meridian. When combined with 
				the T_S attribute value, this information 
				provides the specific ~36 square mile Township 
				in the Willamette Meridian and Base Line 
				defined grid of the PLSS in which the sample 
				was collected. The other more specific PLSS 
				descriptor attributes were described above.
			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-
				atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html
				and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/
				legaldescrip.php
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  5
					Range Domain Maximum:  6
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  UTM_E_m
      			Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in 
				meters of a sample’s collection location 
				according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 
				projection system. This value was determined 
				with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 
				Coordinate Extractor extension. In cases in 
				which the UTM coordinates were already known, 
				the coordinate extractor extracted these same 
				coordinates. Please note that the precision 
				indicated by this value does not represent the 
				precision with which a sample’s location was 
				determined. Instead, it represents the 
				precision of the MapInfo v.7.0 Coordinate
				Extractor extension’s results as determined 
				for carefully digitized sample location points 
				(from original paper maps to the drg of the 
				quadrangle, except where coordinates were 
				provided and already rounded to the nearest 
				10 meters).
      			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://erg.
				usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  561,771.72
					Range Domain Maximum:  571,364.18
      					Attribute Units of Measure:  meters
		Attribute:	
      			Attribute Label:  UTM_N_m
			Attribute Definition:  This is the northing value in 
				meters of a sample’s collection location 
				according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 
				projection system. This value was determined 
				with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 
				Coordinate Extractor extension. In cases in 
				which the UTM coordinates were already known, 
				the coordinate extractor extracted these same 
				coordinates. Please note that the precision 
				indicated by this value does not represent the 
				precision with which a sample’s location was 
				determined. Instead, it represents the 
				precision of the MapInfo v.7.0 Coordinate
				Extractor extension’s results as determined 
				for carefully digitized sample location points 
				(from original paper maps to the drg of the 
				quadrangle, except where coordinates were 
				provided and already rounded to the nearest 
				10 meters).
			Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://erg.
				usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  4,691,862.12
					Range Domain Maximum: 4,704,337.92
					Attribute Units of Measure: meters
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Unit
			Attribute Definition:  This is the unit, indicated by 
				the unit’s symbol, to which a collected rock 
				sample belongs. Samples collected in an area of 
				Qg are from pieces of float found on the 
				undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium 
				deposits.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011).
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbad  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Dry Creek 
						(Middle Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbhc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Horse Creek (Middle 
						Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbaf    
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Freye 
						Lake (Upper Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbla    
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Lake Aphis (Upper 
						Pliocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbar 
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Rye Spur 
						(Lower Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
     		 			Enumerated Domain Value:  Qawp
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Whiteface Peak 
						(Lower to Middle Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbpp
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Pearce Point (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbwl
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Woodpecker Lake 
						(Lower Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qblc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Lost Creek (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbcp
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Chaffee Point (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbsc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Seldom Creek (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qblh
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt of Lone Hill (Lower 
						Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbalc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic Andesite of Long Creek 
						Peak (Lower Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qapb
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Pelican Butte 
						(Middle Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qafc
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Fourmile Creek 
						(Middle to Upper Pleistocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
     	 				Enumerated Domain Value:  Qabm
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite of Brown Brown 
						Mountain (Upper Pleistocene to 
						Holocene)
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Qg   
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Undifferentiated colluvium and 
						alluvium (Pleistocene to 
						Holocene). Note that samples 
						from these areas are likely 
						from float found within the 
						undifferentiated colluvium and 
						alluvium but were originally 
						from other units on the map and 
						disrupted by glacial or other 
						erosional processes.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011).
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Lith
      			Attribute Definition:  The Lith attribute is an 
				abbreviation of the lithology of the sample 
				according to the total alkali (Na2O + K2O 
				[weight%(wt%)]) versus silica (SiO2 wt%) 
				classification (TAS classification) for 
				volcanic rocks of Le Maitre (2002). The 
				chemistry of the sample was determined by 
				X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. 
				Macroscopic characteristics of the various 
				lithologies are not discussed here.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011) and Le Maitre (2002)
			Attribute Domain Values:
      				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  B  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basalt: a volcanic rock with a 
						silica content of 45-52 wt% and 
						less than 5 wt% total alkali 
						(Na2O + K2O wt%) content.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011), Le Maitre (2002), and
						http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/
						Geology3041/lectures/
						02IgneousClassify/IUGS-
						IgneousClassFlowChart.htm
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  BA
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic andesite: a volcanic 
						rock with 52-57 wt% silica 
						content and a total alkali 
						content of less than 5 wt% at 
						52 wt% SiO2 and less than 5.9 
						wt% at 57 wt% SiO2. Between 52 
						and 57 wt% SiO2, the upper 
						total alkali boundary increases 
						linearly from 5 to 5.9 wt%.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011), Le Maitre (2002), and
						http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/
						Geology3041/lectures/
						02IgneousClassify/IUGS-
						IgneousClassFlowChart.htm.
      				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  A
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Andesite: a volcanic rock with 
						a silica content of 57-63 wt%
						and a total alkali content of 
						less than 5.9 wt% at 57 wt% 
						SiO2 and less than 7 wt% at 63 
						wt% SiO2. Between 57 and 63 
						wt% SiO2, the upper total 
						alkali boundary increases 
						linearly from 5.9 wt% to 7 wt%.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011), Le Maitre (2002), and 
						http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/
						Geology3041/lectures/
						02IgneousClassify/IUGS-
						IgneousClassFlowChart.htm
      				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  BTrA  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						Basaltic trachyandesite: a 
						volcanic rock with a silica 
						content of 59.4-57.0 wt% and a 
						total alkali content higher 
						than basalts, trachybasalts, 
						and basaltic andesites in that 
						same silica range. See a TAS 
						plot in Figure 4 of Mertzman 
						et al. (2011) or the other 
						cited references.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011), Le Maitre (2002), and 
						http://www.geol.lsu.edu/
						henry/Geology3041/lectures/
						02IgneousClassify/IUGS-
						IgneousClassFlowChart.htm
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value: BA/BTrA
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  A 
						rock with a total alkali and 
						silica composition that plots 
						right on the boundary between 
						basaltic andesite and basaltic 
						trachyandesite in a TAS plot.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
						(2011), Le Maitre (2002), and
						http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/
						Geology3041/lectures/
						02IgneousClassify/IUGS-
						IgneousClassFlowChart.htm
      		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  SiO2_%
      			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				silica (SiO2) in the sample as measured by XRF 
				spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 			
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  46.87
					Range Domain Maximum:  60.71								
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  TiO2_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				titania (TiO2) in the sample as measured by 
				XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.62
					Range Domain Maximum:  1.27
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label: Al2O3_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				alumina (Al2O3) in the sample as measured by 
				XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  15.37
					Range Domain Maximum:  18.87
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  Fe2O3_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) in the sample as 
				calculated using results measured by XRF 
				spectroscopy and Iron Titration.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.39  
					Range Domain Maximum:  10.1955
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  FeO_% 
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				iron(II) oxide (FeO) in the sample determined 
				by Iron Titration.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.13
					Range Domain Maximum:  7.79
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  MnO_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				manganese(II) oxide (MnO) in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.08
					Range Domain Maximum:  0.17
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  MgO_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				magnesia (MgO) in the sample as measured by XRF 
				spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values: 
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  3.04
					Range Domain Maximum:  10.61
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  CaO_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				calcium oxide (CaO) in the sample as measured 
				by XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  5.95
					Range Domain Maximum:  11.43
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  Na2O_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				sodium oxide (Na2O) in the sample as measured 
				by XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  2.27  
					Range Domain Maximum:  4.35
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  K2O_%  
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				potassium oxide (K2O) in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.1  
					Range Domain Maximum:  1.53
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:	
			Attribute Label:  P2O5_%
			Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of 
				phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.06  
					Range Domain Maximum:  0.5
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  LOI_%  
			Attribute Definition: True Loss on Ignition: the amount 
				of weight lost (weight percent (wt%)) by the 
				sample after heating to between 900ºC and 950ºC 
				for one hour added to a value that accounts for 
				the changes in weight resulting from the 
				oxidation of ferrous iron.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum: 0.18  
					Range Domain Maximum:  5.72
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Total_%  
			Attribute Definition:  The total weight percent (wt%) 
				is the sum of the weight percent values for 
				SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, 
				Na2O, K2O, P2O5, and LOI. 
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  99.06
					Range Domain Maximum:  100.84
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Fe2O3T_%
			Attribute Definition:  The iron(III) iron content 
				(wt%) measured by XRF spectroscopy. This is 
				not the true amount of iron(III) iron 
				originally present in the rock sample because 
				it also accounts for iron(II) iron that was 
				oxidized to iron(III) iron during the 
				preparation for XRF. The Fe2O3_% value 
				described above is the true amount of 
				iron(III) iron present in the rock sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  5.73
					Range Domain Maximum:  11.14
					Attribute Units of Measure:  weight 
						percent (wt%)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Rb_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of rubidium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Rb value for a sample.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 			
			Attribute Domain Values: 
				Range Domain: 
					Range Domain Minimum:  2.8
					Range Domain Maximum:  30.4
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Sr_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of strontium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Sr value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  390
					Range Domain Maximum:  1113
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Y_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of yttrium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Y value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  10.8  
					Range Domain Maximum:  26.2
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Zr_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of zirconium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Zr value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  35
					Range Domain Maximum:  155
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  V_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of vanadium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no V value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  111
					Range Domain Maximum:  252
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Ni_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of nickel present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Ni value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  6
					Range Domain Maximum:  251
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Cr_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of chromium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Cr value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  21
					Range Domain Maximum:  605
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Nb_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of niobium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Nb value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  1.2
					Range Domain Maximum:  8.6
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Ga_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of gallium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Ga value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  13.6  
					Range Domain Maximum:  21.7
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Cu_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of copper present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Cu value for a sample.		
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  20								
					Range Domain Maximum:  117
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Zn_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of zinc present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Zn value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  54
					Range Domain Maximum:  87
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Co_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of cobalt present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Co value for a sample.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  14  
					Range Domain Maximum:  44
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Ba_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of barium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Ba value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  64
					Range Domain Maximum:  541
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  La_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of lanthanum present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no La value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  3.4  
					Range Domain Maximum:  21
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Ce_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of cesium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Ce value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  8.2 
					Range Domain Maximum:  47.7
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  U_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of uranium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “<0.5” has been 
				placed where the U in a sample was below the 
				limit of the XRF spectrometer’s sensitivity. A 
				“--" has been placed where there is no U value 
				for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.3
					Range Domain Maximum:  1.7
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Th_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of thorium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Th value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.2
					Range Domain Maximum:  5
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Sc_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of scandium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Sc value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  13  
					Range Domain Maximum:  37
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Pb_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of lead present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Pb value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  1  
					Range Domain Maximum:  14
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Yb_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of ytterbium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Yb value for a sample.		
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.7  
					Range Domain Maximum:  2.4
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Be_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of beryllium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Be value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml 				
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.8  
					Range Domain Maximum:  2.2
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Hf_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of hafnium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Hf value for a sample.		
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  1.4 
					Range Domain Maximum:  2.7 
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Ta_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of tantalum present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Ta value for a sample.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.3
					Range Domain Maximum:  0.6
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Nd_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of neodymium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Nd value for a sample.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  7
					Range Domain Maximum:  23
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Sm_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of samarium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Sm value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  2.1
					Range Domain Maximum:  4.3
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Eu_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of europium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Eu value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.83
					Range Domain Maximum:  1.37
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Tb_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of terbium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Tb value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.4
					Range Domain Maximum:  0.6
					Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Lu_ppm
			Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million 
				[ppm]) of lutetium present in the sample as 
				measured by XRF spectroscopy. A “--" has been 
				placed where there is no Lu value for a sample.
			Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/
				x7985.xml
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  0.17
					Range Domain Maximum:  0.38
					Attribute Units of Measure: parts per 
						million (ppm)
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  DatedOrNot
			Attribute Definition:  This attribute is only present 
				in the ESRI Shapefile formatted Lake of the 
				Woods North samples file 
				(LOWNSamples_point.shp). This attribute 
				indicates if a sample was age-dated or not.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Enumerated Domain:	
      					Enumerated Domain Value:  Y    
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						The Y stands for “Yes,” meaning 
						that this rock sample has been
						age-dated by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar 
						dating methods.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  None
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  N
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The 
						N stands for “No,” meaning that 
						this rock sample has not been 
						age-dated with radiometric 
						dating methods.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  None
	Detailed Description: 
		Entity Type:
			Entity Type Label:  Fault
			Entity Type Definition:  A fault is a planar fracture 
				or area of fractured rock where there is 
				relative movement of large bodies of rock. 
				There are several prominent faults in the Lake 
				of the WoodsNorth USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle. These 
				faults are normal faults. The dashed lines 
				with hatch marks/tick marks/bars represent the 
				inferred location of the faults where the 
				fault traces are buried/concealed. The solid 
				lines with hatch marks/ tick marks/ bars 
				represents the approximate location of the 
				fault traces. The hatch marks/tick marks/bars 
				are on the down-dropped block (hanging wall).
			Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. 
				(2011), http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/
				Pglossary/fault.html, http://www.ucmp.
				berkeley.edu/glossary/glossary_2.html, 
      				http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/glossary.
      				php?term=fault%20plane, http://www2.nature.
				nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/deform/ghangft.html
 	 			and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
				Fault_%28geology%29
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Appr_or_Conc
			Attribute Definition:  This attribute indicates if the 
				fault trace is present on the earth’s surface 
				or if the fault is buried, such as by 
				Quaternary-aged alluvium.
      			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values:  
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Approximate  
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						This indicates that the fault 
						trace is present on the earth’s 
						surface and that its location 
						is a close approximation. This 
						portion of the fault is 
						displayed on the geologic map 
						as a hatch-marked solid line 
						with the bars/hatches on the
						down-dropped block (hanging 
						wall).
      					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:   None
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Concealed
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  
						This indicates that the fault 
						to the trace is not present on 
						the earth's surface, but is 
						assumed to be the buried 
						continuation of a fault 
						observed on the surface. The 
						concealed fault may be covered 
						by Quaternary alluvium or other 
						material. The locations of the 
						concealed portions of faults 
						are inferred based on locally 
						observable fault traces. This 
						portion of the fault is 
						displayed on the geologic map 
						as a hatch-marked dash line 
						with the bars/hatches on the 
						down-dropped block (hanging 
						wall).
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  None
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Type_of_Fault
			Attribute Definition:  This attribute indicates the 
				type of fault present.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Normal
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  A 
						normal fault is a plane at 
						which the hanging wall moves 
						down relative to the footwall 
						(in other words, one body of 
						rock slides down along the 
						fault relative to the other 
						body of rock in the direction 
						of the fault planes dip). The 
						fault plane slopes (dips) 
						downward in the direction of 
						the hanging-wall.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Consult http://
						eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/
						HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/
						Notes/faults.html
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  Notes
			Attribute Definition:  These are notes with important 
				details about the fault, indicating the 
				location of the down-dropped block/hanging wall 
				relative to the fault.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Enumerated Domain:
					Enumerated Domain Value:  Down-dropped 
						block is to the east of the 
						fault. Enumerated Domain Value 
						Definition: This means what it 
						says. The hanging-wall is the 
						down-dropped body of rock, 
						which is to the east of the 
						fault (on the side where the 
						tick marks are on the map). 
						The body of rock to the east 
						of the fault is moving down 
						along the fault relative to 
						the body of rock to the west 
      						(the footwall). When the down-
						dropped block is to the east 
						in a normal fault, this also 
						indicates that the fault dips 
						to the east.
					Enumerated Domain Value Definition 
						Source:  Please see Mertzman 
						et al. (2011) and http://
						eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/
						HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/
						Notes/faults.html 
      	Detailed Description:
		Entity Type:
			Entity Type Label:  Volcanic Center
			Entity Type Definition:  A volcanic center is a source 
				of volcanic rocks. In other words, it is a 
				location where subterranean magma has erupted 
				onto the surface. Observations made in the 
				field helped to locate volcanic centers where 
				there were no vent deposits. In this data set, 
				the volcanic centers are contained in the 
				LOWNVolcCenters file and are point data 
				displayed as red triangles with a black 
				outline.
      			Entity Type Definition Source:  None
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  UTM_E_m
      			Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in 
				meters of a volcanic center's location 
				according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 
				projection system. This value was determined 
				with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 
				Coordinate Extractor tool. The precision of 
				this value does not represent that with which 
				it was determined, but is the precision 
				provided by MapInfo Professional v.7.0's 
				Coordinate Extractor extension for the points 
				manually digitized to the georeferenced 
				quadrangle drg.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values: 
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  562,501.85
					Range Domain Maximum:  569,813.27
					Attribute Units of Measure:  meters
		Attribute:
			Attribute Label:  UTM_N_m
      			Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in 
				meters of a volcanic center's location 
				according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 
				projection system. This value was determined 
				with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 
				Coordinate Extractor tool. The precision of 
				this value does not represent that with which 
				it was determined, but is the precision 
				provided by MapInfo Professional v.7.0's 
				Coordinate Extractor extension for the points 
				manually digitized to the georeferenced 
				quadrangle drg.
			Attribute Definition Source:  None
			Attribute Domain Values:
				Range Domain:
					Range Domain Minimum:  4,693,596.49
					Range Domain Maximum:  4,704,735.56
					Attribute Units of Measure:  meters		
 

Distribution Information


Metadata Reference Information
	Metadata Date:  20110109
	Metadata Contact:  
		Contact Information:
			Contact Person Primary:  
				Contact Person:  Isaac Weaver
			Contact Position:  Research Assistant
			Contact Address: 
				Address Type:  mailing and physical address
				Address:  Isaac Weaver, Franklin and Marshall 
					College, Department of Earth and 
					Environment, PO Box 3003
      				City:  Lancaster
     	 			State or Province:  Pennsylvania
      				Postal Code:  17604
			Contact Voice Telephone:  Unavailable
			Contact Electronic Mail Address:  iweaver@fandm.edu
	Metadata Standard Name:  FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial 
		Metadata
	Metadata Standard Version:  Version 2 – 1998


	
	







	 

			







			

       
				 

				


	 			
      
			
		




		
					
			
			
			
    






	
	


	
	
		
	
	


	
	
